As a method for keeping employees and members of the public safe and controlling risk, it works very well to focus the minds of all concerned on what the dangers involved in a task might be and how they can be reduced, as far as reasonably practicable. Failing to carry one out will leave the employer open to legal action.
Normally, a “suitable and sufficient” risk assessment is carried out before the activity to which it relates begins. However, for industries and employers whose activity involves a fast-moving environment where things change rapidly and decisions need to be taken on the spot, a formal risk assessment with all the work involved, may take too long. In this situation, the dynamic risk assessment comes into its own.
What defines a Dynamic Risk Assessment?
Standard risk assessments take place on a regular basis – either quarterly, annually or whatever interval is felt best by the business. They tend to look at risks that are foreseeable, and this is, by implication, informed by previous experience. This means that the unexpected and unforeseen won’t be picked up, leaving gaps in the overall safety provision.
Unlike a standard risk assessment, which can be carried out at a slower pace, with time to consult, gather evidence and make a considered judgement, a dynamic risk assessment will operate in real time.
If employees arrive on site, they may find that the standard risk assessment has addressed many but not all the safety factors present, some of which might not have been known about.
Similarly, once a work process begins, new information may be uncovered which will affect what the standard risk assessment has set out. This will require decisions to be made and alterations to the assessment, with workers identifying, assessing and controlling workplace hazards as they happen.
This means the dynamic risk assessment will be carried out during the work activity to which they relate, and while a hazardous situation is ongoing.
It will likely take place many times during the lifetime of a project or job, as the situation demands.
Why is a Dynamic Risk Assessment needed?
If work activities are taking place in an environment that’s subject to rapid change, this means that a risk assessment complied before the job started can become obsolete very quickly. If there is no means of reacting to changed circumstances, this could lead to damage to property, equipment, injuries or even fatalities.
Not all workplaces will need a dynamic risk assessment, but the circumstances of the job or the environment in which it takes place may well require it. Those circumstances will include the type of work – for example, lone working – inherent hazards, the equipment and substances being used and the environment itself – whether it’s an enclosed space, at height, accessible to emergency services or isolated geographically. When the work environment is constantly changing, dynamic risk assessments may have to be carried out several times during the same day.
To sum up, a dynamic risk assessment needs to be carried out whenever there’s the potential for a hazardous situation to happen.
Who might need to carry out a dynamic risk assessment?
As mentioned above, some jobs will need dynamic risk assessments more than others; people who will need to use them will likely include:
- Hospital staff
- Paramedics
- Police officers
- Care workers
- Tradespeople
- Retail staff
- Security staff
- Delivery drivers
- Construction workers
- Engineers
Carrying out a Dynamic Risk Assessment
Much as with the standard risk assessment, a dynamic risk assessment will involve distinct steps, each of which follows on from the preceding one, although they will differ inasmuch as they have to address a different form of risk. You will find various forms of dynamic risk assessment, depending on the source. However, most will include:
Step 1: An evaluation of the immediate environment, the situation and the task at hand to identify any potential risks or hazards
Step 2: Consider who may be harmed or what may be damaged
Step 3: Assess and evaluate the risks, their severity and likelihood
Step 4: Decide whether the risk proportional to the benefits?
Step 5: Take action to eliminate or mitigate the risk – this could include a safe system of work or other safety mechanisms, PPE, etc.
Step 6: Proceeding with work or delaying the work until additional safety measures can be introduced and a safe system of work is possible
Training requirements
The person carrying out a dynamic risk assessment depends on the situation and who’s actually present at the time. This could be a supervisor, a manager or the firm’s safety officer (if they have one). Since there’s no way of predicting who’s going to be faced with the task of doing the dynamic risk assessment, this is a good argument for extending training in the DRA to all workers who might conceivably be in that position, so threats can be recognised, their implications understood and decisions made to maximise safety at all stages of the process.
What the law says
While the dynamic risk assessment is a valuable tool when the circumstances require, it can’t be used as a substitute for a standard risk assessment. These are required by law and there is a set format for putting them into practice.
Regulation 3 of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSWR) says
(1) Every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of—
(a)the risks to the health and safety of his employees to which they are exposed whilst they are at work; and
(b)the risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him of his undertaking
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